Lichfield occurs as little city in Staffordshire, 110 miles northwest of London and 14 miles northward of Birmingham. Famed for its three-spired Cathedral, Lichfield lies in pleasant united states, in the little stream draining eastbound to the Trent, with moo hills to the east & south. These are a independent town in the Lichfield district. A people of the territory based on data from a 2001 nosecount is 93,237; of the city itself 27,900.

History

At Wall, Trinity miles south of the present city, there was the Romano-British village called Letocetum (from a Celtic for "grey wood"), from which a number one half of the title Lichfield is derived. It was according to the Roman fort next to Watling Street which was used in a foremost centuries AD, until astir AD 160-170, whenever the fort's mansio was destroyed by fire at a equivalent period the forum around Wroxeter was also destroyed by fire. This suggests the insurrection of the local British.

A history of Lichfield in the as a consequence centuries is obscure. A Historia Britonum lists a city when one of the Xxviii cities of Britain. In the Welsh poem The Lament of Cynddylan, Caer Luycoed or even Lichfield is said to stand been taken per blade by ethnic opponents, virtually all probably a Mercians to the east.

A 1st authentic notice of Lichfield occurs inside Bede's history, in which these are mentioned when a place where St Chad fixed the episcopal view of the Mercians in 669. Around 786, Pope Adrian I raised it at the asking of Offa, King of Mercia, to the dignity of an archbishopric, but around 803 the primacy was restored to Canterbury. Around 1075 a view of Lichfield was flushed to Chester, and thence two or three years late to Coventry, but it was restored to Lichfield around 1148. At a instance of the Domesday survey, Lichfield was held by the bishop of Chester, where the look at of the episcopate got been moved within 1075: these are non known as the borough, simply a little village. A lordship & manor of a town were held per bishop of Chester until the reign of Edward VI, when it were leased to the town corporation.

Ton this button exists grounds to believe that the castle existed here in the instance of Henry I, and a pathway touching a grammar school retains the title of Castle-ditch. Richard II gave a charter (1387) for a foundation of a society of St Mary & St John the Baptist; this society functioned when the local government, until its dissolution by Edward VI, who incorporated a town inside 1548, vesting the food and drug administration inside both bailiffs and twenty-24 burgesses; further charters were from Mary, James I and Charles II (1664), a go, incorporating it under the title of the "bailiffs and citizens of the city of Lichfield," was a governing charter until 1835; under this charter a administration consisted of deuce bailiffs & twenty-24 brethren.

Lichfield sent deuce members to the parliament of 1304 and to a few succeeding parliaments, however a representation did non be regular until 1552; in 1867 it lost a single member, & within 1885 its representation was merged in this of the county. Per charter of James We, a market day was changed from either Wednesday to Tuesday & Friday; a Tuesday market disappeared when you took a 19th century; a single existent fair occurs as little pleasure fair of ancient origin held in Ash Wednesday; the annual fête in Whit Monday claims to date from a period of Alfred the Great.

In the English Civil War, Lichfield was divided. a cathedral authorities by owning a certawithin below were for a king, however the town typically sided using the parliament, & this led to the fortification of the close in 1643. Lord Brooke, notorious for his hostility to the church, led an assault against it, however was flushed by the deflected bullet in St Chad's day, an accident welcomed as a miracle per Royalists. A close yielded & was retaken by Prince Rupert in this year; however on the breakdown of the king's stimulator inside 1646 it again fell back. A cathedral suffered extensive damage from either a war.

When you took a 18th Century a city became a centre of dandy rational activity, existence the personal of several celebrated population including Samuel Johnson, David Garrick, Erasmus Darwin and Anna Seward, this prompted Johnson's remark that Lichfield was "a city of philosophers".

Economy

Midmost Ages a independent industry inside Lichfield was making woolen fabric. There was besides the leather industry within Lichfield.

Per prevent of a 19th Century, brewing was the main industry, & in the front yard were big market gardens.

In todays world there are the total of lightly industrial areas preponderantly in the east of the city, non dominated by any 1 particular industry. A territorial dominion is famed for ii local products: Armitage Shanks, manufacturers of baths/bidets and showers, & Arthur Price of England, master cutlers and silverworker. Numbers of residents commute to Birmingham.

Lichfield is served by ii railroad terminal, Lichfield City & Lichfield Trent Valley, two built per London and North Western Railway. These stations come nowadays on the Cross-City Line to Redditch via Birmingham. In addition, Trent Valley station is on the West Coast Main Line with occasional trains to London and more frequent local trains.

Famous Lichfeldians
Samuel Johnson - Celebrated 18th Century writer of the first English Dictionary David Garrick - Most famous actor of the 18th Century Erasmus Darwin - Scientist, inventor & literary human, grandpa of Charles Darwin Joseph Addison - Politician and Writer Thomas Day- Writer Anna Seward - Romantic poet, memorialist and letter writer Elias Ashmole - Founder of Ashmolean Museum, Oxford Helen Baxendale - Actress Muzio Clementi - Composer, lived for a period around what is okay, a Hedgehog saloon.

Places of interest

Lichfield Cathedral - England's only mediaeval Cathedral by using trey steeple. A present building was began around 1195, & completed per building of the Lady Chapel in the 1330s. It replaced a Norman building begun inside 1085 which experienced replaced a single, or even even ii, Saxon buildings from either the seventh century.

The '''Bishop's Palace (built 1687) & the theological college (built 1837) come adjacent to the cathedral.

Milley's Hospital''' dates back to 1504 & was the women's hospital.

'''St.John's while forgoing a Blocks occurs as distinctive Tudor building with the row of septenary tall brick chimneys. This was built outside a city bulwarks (blocks) to provide hostel accommodation for traveler arriving when a gates were shut. It today will bring at home for aged Gentlemen & has an adjacent Chapel.

A Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum''' occurs as museum to the Skillful Doctor's life, function & personality.

A Lichfield Heritage Centre, in the open-air marketplace, is an exhibition of 2000 years of Lichfield's history.

Erasmus Darwin Home another time house to Erasmus Darwin was restored to create the museum which opened to the public within 1999.

A Church of St Chad is ancient though extensively restored; in its places St Chad or even Ceadda is said to have occupied the hermit's cell.

Christ Church is an outstanding lesson of Victorian ecclesiastic architecture & the grade II* enrolled building. It was founded within 1847 by Ellen Jane Hinckley, a mother of “The Dormant Youngsters” - subject of the illustrious monument south choir aisle of Lichfield Cathedral. the choir ceiling is gloriously decorated sustaining a recently restored poster color picture by John Dixon Batten of the Birmingham pre-Raphaelite school (1897).

A Open-air marketplace contains ii statues, one of Dr Johnson overlooking the home where he was natural, & one of his groovy friend & biographer, James Boswell.

Lichfield Canal is a disutilized canal that used to redo from either Ogley Junction on the northern Birmingham Canal Navigations, continuing close to a city & in to Huddlesford Junction, on the Coventry Canal. Virtually all of the old route has been filled around & these are presently existence repaired by Lichfield & Hatherton Canals Restoration Trust.

Other items of interest

Legend has it that a thousand Christians were martyred inside Lichfield in AD 300, when you took the reign of the Roman Emperor Diocletian, and that a title 'Lichfield' actually means 'field of the dead'. There exists nonetheless, there are no grounds to believe to trend lines this legend.

Around 1553 Queen Mary made Lichfield a county separate from either a rest of Staffordshire. It remained and so until 1888.

Inside 1291 Lichfield was severely damaged by a fire, which destroyed numbers of buildings. Around 1690 thatched roofs were banned in Lichfield because of the chance of fire.

A survive human within England to be burnt at a stake for heresy was in Lichfield. Edward Wightman from either Burton-upon-Trent was burnt at the stake in the Market Place in 11 April 1612.

The slogan in Lichfield's coat of arms quotes Samuel Johnson's tribute to his native city in his Dictionary, "Salve, magna parens" - "Hail great Mother".

The Lichfield Diocese covers all of Staffordshire, much of Shropshire and part of the Black Country and West Midlands

For each one season there exists an International Arts Festival depending primarily as much as a cathedral. Spin off cases include the fringe festival, jazz, blues and Real Ale Festival and the Medieaval Market.

Lichfield Cricket Club nick-named fallowing a cathedral: '3 Spires', occurs as thriving club which plays at Collins Hill.

There is a statue of Edward Smith, Captain of the Titanic and sister ship Olympic in Beacon Park

A furthermost point around England from high tide mark (including tidal rivers) is between Hammerwich & Wall, in the south west of Lichfield. These are 56 miles from either high tide mark.

Twinnings
A City of Lichfield is twinned by using Limburg an der Lahn, Germany and Sainte Foy les Lyon, France.

Links
[http://www.localwebsuk.com/lichfield/Local Webs Guide to Lichfield] [http://www.lichfield-tourist.co.uk/ Tourist information] [http://www.lichfield-cathedral.org/ Lichfield Cathedral] [http://www.lichfield.gov.uk/sjmuseum/ The Samuel Johnson Birthplace Museum] [http://www.lhcrt.org.uk/ Lichfield and Hatherron Canal] [http://www.lichfieldfestival.org/ Lichfield Festival] [http://www.lichfield.gov.uk/ Lichfield City Council] [http://www.lichfielddc.gov.uk/ Lichfield District Council] [http://www.lichfieldgarrick.com/ Lichfield Garrick Theatre] [http://www.erasmusdarwin.org Erasmus Darwin House] [http://www.heartofenglandway.org/ Heart of England Way Association] [http://www.lovemytown.co.uk/CityProfiles/Lichfield/index.htm LoveMyTown - City of Lichfield] civic pride information & organisations around Lichfield [http://www.lichfielddiamonds.org.uk/ Lichfield Diamonds LFC] [http://www.tamworthandlichfield.ac.uk/index.ihtml Tamworth and Lichfield College]